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The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, or Oscars, handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States of America with a predominantly non-English dialogue track.〔(80th Academy Awards – Special Rules for the Best Foreign Language Film Award ). Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 2, 2007.〕 When the first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929 to honor films released in 1927/28, there was no separate category for foreign language films. Between 1947 and 1955, the Academy presented Special/Honorary Awards to the best foreign language films released in the United States. These Awards, however, were not handed out on a regular basis (no Award was given in 1953), and were not competitive since there were no nominees but simply one winning film per year. For the 1956 (29th) Academy Awards, a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created for non-English speaking films, and has been given annually since then. Unlike other Academy Awards, the Best Foreign Language Film Award is not presented to a specific individual. It is accepted by the winning film's director, but is considered an award for the submitting country as a whole. Over the years, the Best Foreign Language Film Award and its predecessors have been given almost exclusively to European films: out of the 67 Awards handed out by the Academy since 1947 to foreign language films, fifty-five have gone to European films,〔Europe's tally includes 14 nominations and 4 wins for the U.S.S.R. and its successor states. It also includes 5 Special/Honorary Awards: 2 won by Italy, 2 won by France and 1 shared between them for ''The Walls of Malapaga'' (1949). The latter Award is counted only once in Europe's tally, whereas it is included twice in the country-based table as it figures in both Italy's and France's tallies.〕 six to Asian films,〔Number includes 3 Honorary Awards for Japan.〕 three to African films and three to films from the Americas. Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini directed four Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award–winning motion pictures during his lifetime, a record that remains unmatched as of 2007 (if Special Awards are taken into account, then Fellini's record is tied by his fellow countryman Vittorio De Sica). The most awarded foreign country is Italy, with 11 awards won, 3 Special Awards and 28 nominations, while Israel being the foreign country with the largest number of nominations, 10, without winning an award. Portugal has the largest number of submissions (30) without a nomination. ==History== When the first Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929, no foreign language film was honored. During the early post-war era (1947–1955), eight foreign language films received Special or Honorary Awards. Academy leader and board member Jean Hersholt argued that "an international award, if properly and carefully administered, would promote a closer relationship between American film craftsmen and those of other countries." The first foreign language film honored with such an award was the Italian neorealist drama ''Shoeshine'', whose citation read: "the high quality of this motion picture, brought to eloquent life in a country scarred by war, is proof to the world that the creative spirit can triumph over adversity." In the following years, similar awards were given to seven other films: one from Italy (''The Bicycle Thief''), two from France (''Monsieur Vincent'' and ''Forbidden Games''), three from Japan (''Rashomon'', ''Gate of Hell'' and ''Samurai, The Legend of Musashi''), as well as a Franco-Italian co-production (''The Walls of Malapaga''). These awards, however, were handed out on a discretionary rather than a regular basis (no award was given at the 26th Academy Awards held in 1954), and were not competitive since there were no nominees but simply one winning film per year. A separate category for non-English-language films was created in 1956. Known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, it has been awarded every year since then. The first recipient was the Italian neorealist drama ''La Strada'', which helped establish Federico Fellini as one of the most important European directors.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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